Efeitos da hidroterapia no equilíbrio, risco de quedas, medo de cair e qualidade de vida em idosos
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2013
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Introdução: A Hidroterapia tem sido recomendada para a população idosa, por se apresentar como uma atividade segura, menos propensa a quedas e com boa aceitação e adesão ao tratamento, e que tem sido alvo de várias investigações a nível do equilíbrio e risco de quedas nesta população.
Objetivo: Este trabalho pretendeu, avaliar os efeitos de um programa de Hidroterapia no equilíbrio, risco de quedas, medo de cair e qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em idosos.
Método: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura (1º artigo) de forma a reunir e analisar a pesquisa existente sobre os efeitos dos programas de Hidroterapia em indicadores de equilíbrio, risco de quedas, medo de cair e qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde na população idosa. Relativamente ao 2º artigo, este tinha como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um programa estruturado de Hidroterapia a nível das variáveis já referidas, em idosos acima dos 60 anos, durante 12 semanas, nas piscinas Municipais do Barreiro e do Lavradio.
Resultados: Na maioria dos estudos inseridos na revisão sistemática da literatura, verificou-se que a Hidroterapia promoveu uma melhoria significativa do equilíbrio nos idosos, no entanto os programas utilizados apresentavam diferenças entre eles, sendo difícil a generalização dos resultados. No 2º artigo realizado, o programa estruturado de Hidroterapia promoveu também uma melhoria do equilíbrio nos idosos, bem como reduções significativas no medo de cair e melhores pontuações relativas à qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em comparação com o grupo de controlo. Houve também uma redução do risco de queda no grupo de intervenção, de acordo com o teste Timed Up & Go.
Conclusões: Existe evidência científica por parte dos diversos estudos analisados nesta revisão sistemática da literatura e do estudo quase-experimental realizado, quanto ao impacto do exercício em meio aquático na população idosa, estando evidente que um programa estruturado de Hidroterapia será uma estratégia viável de intervenção nos idosos, visto que a maior parte destes estudos associaram-nos a melhorias significativas do equilíbrio e consequente diminuição do risco de quedas. A Hidroterapia é assim um possível recurso a ser recomendado para a prevenção de quedas em idosos.
Palavras-chave: Idosos, Hidroterapia, Terapia Aquática, Equilíbrio, Risco de Quedas, Medo de Cair, Qualidade de Vida relacionada com a saúde.
Introduction: Hydrotherapy has been often recommended for the elderly, for presenting a secure activity, less prone to falls and with good acceptance and adherence to treatment, and it has been the subject of investigations regarding balance recovery in this population. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a hydrotherapy program for balance, risk of falls, fear of falling, and health related quality of life in elderly people. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review (first article) in order to gather and analyze existing research on the effects of hydrotherapy programs in balance, risk of falls, fear of falling, and health related quality of life indicators in the elderly population. Regarding the second article, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured hydrotherapy program on the variables mentioned above, in elderly people over 60 years, for 12 weeks, in the Barreiro and Lavradio swimming pools. Results: In most of the studies included in the systematic literature review, it was found that the hydrotherapy promoted a significant improvement on balance in elderly people, however the programs used showed differences between them, making it difficult to generalize the results. In the second article, the structured hydrotherapy program also promoted an improvement on balance in the elderly, as well as significant reductions in fear of falling and better scores on health related quality of life in comparison with the control group. There was also a risk of falls reduction in the intervention group, according to the Timed Up & Go Test. Conclusions: There are scientific evidence by the different studies analyzed in the systematic literature review and by the quasi-experimental study carried out, about the impact of aquatic exercise in the elderly, being clear that a structured hydrotherapy program is a viable intervention in the elderly, once that most of these studies were associated with significant improvements in balance and risk of falls reduction. The Hydrotherapy is thus a possible resource to be recommended for the prevention of falls in the elderly.
Introduction: Hydrotherapy has been often recommended for the elderly, for presenting a secure activity, less prone to falls and with good acceptance and adherence to treatment, and it has been the subject of investigations regarding balance recovery in this population. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a hydrotherapy program for balance, risk of falls, fear of falling, and health related quality of life in elderly people. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review (first article) in order to gather and analyze existing research on the effects of hydrotherapy programs in balance, risk of falls, fear of falling, and health related quality of life indicators in the elderly population. Regarding the second article, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured hydrotherapy program on the variables mentioned above, in elderly people over 60 years, for 12 weeks, in the Barreiro and Lavradio swimming pools. Results: In most of the studies included in the systematic literature review, it was found that the hydrotherapy promoted a significant improvement on balance in elderly people, however the programs used showed differences between them, making it difficult to generalize the results. In the second article, the structured hydrotherapy program also promoted an improvement on balance in the elderly, as well as significant reductions in fear of falling and better scores on health related quality of life in comparison with the control group. There was also a risk of falls reduction in the intervention group, according to the Timed Up & Go Test. Conclusions: There are scientific evidence by the different studies analyzed in the systematic literature review and by the quasi-experimental study carried out, about the impact of aquatic exercise in the elderly, being clear that a structured hydrotherapy program is a viable intervention in the elderly, once that most of these studies were associated with significant improvements in balance and risk of falls reduction. The Hydrotherapy is thus a possible resource to be recommended for the prevention of falls in the elderly.
Descrição
Orientação: António Labisa Palmeira
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, IDOSOS, HIDROTERAPIA, EQUILÍBRIO POSTURAL, QUALIDADE DE VIDA, SPORT, ELDERLY, QUALITY OF LIFE, HYDROTHERAPY, POSTURAL BALANCE, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR