Do they know what it means?: Physical activity and sedentary behavior knowledge in adults
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2022
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Objetivo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo investigar o conhecimento e
compreensão dos adultos sobre as definições de atividade física (AF) e comportamento
sedentário (CS). Os objetivos secundários são determinar a associação entre o nível de
conhecimento destes conceitos e o tempo despendido em CS e AF, bem como com a idade,
escolaridade, tempo de sono, o facto de ter um amigo ou familiar que trabalhe na área da saúde
ou exercício e ainda com o índice de massa corporal (IMC), assim como verificar diferenças
entre sexos.
Método: A dissertação está dividida em duas partes. A primeira é uma revisão
sistematizada sobre a compreensão, conhecimento e perceção de adultos sobre os conceitos de
AF e CS. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas bases de dados, a PubMed e a SPORTDiscus. Foram
encontrados 1347 artigos, sendo que 9 cumpriram os citérios de inclusão e foram considerados
na revisão. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada através dos critérios EPPI, tendo 4 estudos
sido avaliados com a máxima qualidade, ou seja, elevada fiabilidade e elevada utilidade.
A segunda parte é uma investigação observacional transversal sobre o conhecimento,
destes mesmos conceitos e a sua associação com as variáveis supramencionadas em 300
adultos de língua portuguesa. Foi criado um questionário que mediu o conhecimento dos
participantes por via de scores (score total, score da AF e score do CS) que eram pontuados a
cada resposta correta (1 ponto). Os scores de conhecimento foram associados às variáveis da
idade, AF, CS, nível de escolaridade, IMC, horas de sono, amigo ou familiar ligado à saúde ou
exercício e comparados entre sexo. A análise estatística foi realizada em SPSS (v. 25.0). A
comparação entre grupos foi realizada através da análise One-way ANOVA, as associações
entre duas variáveis contínuas foram realizadas por via de correlações e regressões lineares, e
associações entre variáveis contínuas e variáveis categóricas foram realizadas através de
regressões logísticas e coeficiente de Spearman. Um p-value<0,05 foi considerado significante.
Resultados: A revisão demonstrou que muitos participantes interpretam AF como
exercício ou como atividades mais intensas. O CS foi interpretado como estar sentado ou não
fazer nada, sendo por vezes associado a dormir. A investigação original demonstrou que os
participantes sabiam diferenciar AF de exercício físico (64.3%) e que o CS incluía, para além
de estar sentado, também estar deitado (72.7%) e não incluía dormir (95.3%). Não foi
encontrada diferença no conhecimento entre sexos ou níveis de escolaridade. Não foi
encontrada associação entre conhecimento e nível de AF ou CS (p>0,05). Maior idade (p=0.007) e IMC (p=0.034) estão associados a um menor conhecimento. Participantes com
mais horas de sono (+5h) tinham um maior conhecimento (p<0.05), tal como os participantes
que tinham alguém próximo (familiar ou amigo) na área do exercício ou saúde (p=0.018).
Conclusões: A interpretação dos conceitos de AF e CS difere. A AF ainda é várias vezes
entendida apenas como exercício físico. O comportamento sedentário parece ser melhor
percecionado, uma vez que tem menos conceitos com os quais poderá ser confundido. Os
participantes da investigação original pareceram demonstrar mais conhecimento que os
participantes da revisão. No entanto, é necessário ter em conta que esta era uma amostra de
elevado nível de escolaridade. As duas questões, no artigo original, que geraram mais respostas
erradas estão relacionadas com as recomendações sobre AF da Organização Mundial de Saúde
e com a classificação do estar em pé como AF, indicando que estes dois temas necessitam de
uma atenção especial aquando da transmissão de informação ao público.
Objective: The present dissertation aims to investigate physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) knowledge and understanding in adults. The secondary objectives are to determine the association between the level of knowledge of these concepts and the time spent in SB and PA, as well as with age, education, sleep time, having a friend or family member in the health or exercise field, and with the body mass index (BMI), and comparisons between genders. Method: The dissertation is divided in two parts. The first is a systematized review of adults' understanding, knowledge, and perception of the concepts of PA and SB. The research was carried out in two databases, PubMed and SPORTDiscus. We found 1347 articles, 9 of which met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The quality of the studies was assessed using the EPPI criteria, with 4 studies being evaluated with the highest quality, i.e., high reliability and high usefulness. The second part is a cross-sectional observational investigation into the knowledge of these same concepts and their association with the aforementioned variables in 300 Portuguese-speaking adults. A questionnaire was created to measure the participants' knowledge through scores (total score, PA score, and SB score) that were scored for each correct answer (1 point). Knowledge scores were associated with different variables such as age, PA, SB, education level, BMI, hours of sleep, friend or family member in the health or exercise field. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS program (v. 25.0). Comparison between groups was performed using One-way ANOVA analysis, associations between two continuous variables were performed using correlations and linear regressions, and associations between continuous and categorical variables were performed using logistic regressions and Spearman coefficient. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The review showed that many participants interpret PA as exercise or as more intense activities. SB was interpreted as sitting or doing nothing, being sometimes associated with sleeping. The original investigation showed that participants knew how to differentiate PA from physical exercise (64.3%) and that SB included, in addition to sitting, also lying down (72.7%) and did not include sleeping (95.3%). There was no difference in knowledge between genders or educational levels. No association was found between knowledge and level of PA or SB (p>0.05). Higher age (p=0.007) and BMI (p=0.034) were associated with lower knowledge. Participants with more hours of sleep (+5h) had greater knowledge (p<0.05) as did participants who had someone close (family or friend) in the field of exercise or health (p=0.018). Conclusions: The interpretation of the concepts of AF and SB differs. PA is still often understood as physical exercise. SB seems to be better perceived as it has fewer concepts to be confused with. Participants in the original investigation appeared to demonstrate more knowledge than participants in the review. However, it is necessary to mention that this was a sample with a high level of education. The two questions, in the original article, that generated more wrong answers were related to the recommendations of PA from the World Health Organization and the classification of standing as PA, indicating that these two topics need special attention when transmitting information to the public.
Objective: The present dissertation aims to investigate physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) knowledge and understanding in adults. The secondary objectives are to determine the association between the level of knowledge of these concepts and the time spent in SB and PA, as well as with age, education, sleep time, having a friend or family member in the health or exercise field, and with the body mass index (BMI), and comparisons between genders. Method: The dissertation is divided in two parts. The first is a systematized review of adults' understanding, knowledge, and perception of the concepts of PA and SB. The research was carried out in two databases, PubMed and SPORTDiscus. We found 1347 articles, 9 of which met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The quality of the studies was assessed using the EPPI criteria, with 4 studies being evaluated with the highest quality, i.e., high reliability and high usefulness. The second part is a cross-sectional observational investigation into the knowledge of these same concepts and their association with the aforementioned variables in 300 Portuguese-speaking adults. A questionnaire was created to measure the participants' knowledge through scores (total score, PA score, and SB score) that were scored for each correct answer (1 point). Knowledge scores were associated with different variables such as age, PA, SB, education level, BMI, hours of sleep, friend or family member in the health or exercise field. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS program (v. 25.0). Comparison between groups was performed using One-way ANOVA analysis, associations between two continuous variables were performed using correlations and linear regressions, and associations between continuous and categorical variables were performed using logistic regressions and Spearman coefficient. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The review showed that many participants interpret PA as exercise or as more intense activities. SB was interpreted as sitting or doing nothing, being sometimes associated with sleeping. The original investigation showed that participants knew how to differentiate PA from physical exercise (64.3%) and that SB included, in addition to sitting, also lying down (72.7%) and did not include sleeping (95.3%). There was no difference in knowledge between genders or educational levels. No association was found between knowledge and level of PA or SB (p>0.05). Higher age (p=0.007) and BMI (p=0.034) were associated with lower knowledge. Participants with more hours of sleep (+5h) had greater knowledge (p<0.05) as did participants who had someone close (family or friend) in the field of exercise or health (p=0.018). Conclusions: The interpretation of the concepts of AF and SB differs. PA is still often understood as physical exercise. SB seems to be better perceived as it has fewer concepts to be confused with. Participants in the original investigation appeared to demonstrate more knowledge than participants in the review. However, it is necessary to mention that this was a sample with a high level of education. The two questions, in the original article, that generated more wrong answers were related to the recommendations of PA from the World Health Organization and the classification of standing as PA, indicating that these two topics need special attention when transmitting information to the public.
Descrição
Orientação: Pedro Alexandre Barracha da Guerra
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, DESPORTO, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, SEDENTARISMO, CONHECIMENTO, PERCEÇÃO, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SEDENTARINESS, KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION