Fatores psicológicos, ocitocina e comportamento sexual: : uma revisão sistemática
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2021
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A ocitocina é uma hormona que desempenha um papel importante na fisiologia da
resposta sexual, uma vez que facilita as contrações do músculo liso do útero e nos
homens o transporte do esperma. A ocitocina é conhecida por aumentar durante a
excitação sexual, na qual desempenha um papel fulcral nesta e no orgasmo. Deste
modo, a presente revisão sistemática teve como objetivo obter informações sobre os
estudos que investigaram o papel desempenhado pelos níveis de ocitocina no
comportamento sexual humano. As duas principais bases de dados, PubMed e Scopus,
foram sistematicamente pesquisadas de forma a obter os 414 artigos publicados, dos
quais 7, que cumprem os critérios de inclusão, foram incluídos na presente revisão. De
uma forma geral, os resultados demonstram a existência de alterações dos níveis de
ocitocina durante a experiência sexual e nas três fases do ciclo menstrual. Em particular,
todos estes estudos demonstraram um aumento progressivo de ocitocina durante a
excitação sexual, um aumento acentuado durante o orgasmo ou a ejaculação e um pico
na fase ovulatória. Na base dos estudos reportados é possível levantar a hipótese do
papel facilitador da ocitocina nos aspetos relacionais e sociais do comportamento sexual
humano e, também, do seu papel no reforço da experiência de prazer sexual. Será
importante futuros estudos experimentais testarem as hipóteses, aqui apresentadas, com
técnicas psicofisiológicas e com estratégias de recolha hormonal menos invasivas.
Oxytocin is a hormone playing an important role in the physiology of sexual responses, since it facilitates contractions of the smooth muscle of the uterus, and the transport of sperm in men. Oxytocin is known to increase during sexual arousal, in which it plays a pivotal role in sexual arousal and orgasm. Therefore, the present systematic review aims to explore the data about studies that investigated the role played by oxytocin levels in the human sexual behavior. Moreover, the present systematic review points to understand the role of oxytocin related to the psychological factors associated to sexual response. The two principal databases, PubMed and Scopus, were systematically searched in order to obtain 414 published articles, whose seven, meeting the inclusion criteria, were included in the review. In general, the results demonstrate the existence of alterations in the levels of oxytocin during sexual experience and in the three phases of the menstrual cycle. In particular, all of these studies demonstrated a progressive increase in oxytocin during sexual arousal, a marked increase during orgasm or ejaculation and a peak in the ovulatory phase. On the basis of the reported studies, it is possible to hypothesize a facilitating role of oxytocin in the relational and social aspects of human sexual behavior, and also its reinforce on the experience of sexual pleasure. Future experimental studies could test these hypotheses with less invasive psycholophysiological techniques and hormonal collection strategies.
Oxytocin is a hormone playing an important role in the physiology of sexual responses, since it facilitates contractions of the smooth muscle of the uterus, and the transport of sperm in men. Oxytocin is known to increase during sexual arousal, in which it plays a pivotal role in sexual arousal and orgasm. Therefore, the present systematic review aims to explore the data about studies that investigated the role played by oxytocin levels in the human sexual behavior. Moreover, the present systematic review points to understand the role of oxytocin related to the psychological factors associated to sexual response. The two principal databases, PubMed and Scopus, were systematically searched in order to obtain 414 published articles, whose seven, meeting the inclusion criteria, were included in the review. In general, the results demonstrate the existence of alterations in the levels of oxytocin during sexual experience and in the three phases of the menstrual cycle. In particular, all of these studies demonstrated a progressive increase in oxytocin during sexual arousal, a marked increase during orgasm or ejaculation and a peak in the ovulatory phase. On the basis of the reported studies, it is possible to hypothesize a facilitating role of oxytocin in the relational and social aspects of human sexual behavior, and also its reinforce on the experience of sexual pleasure. Future experimental studies could test these hypotheses with less invasive psycholophysiological techniques and hormonal collection strategies.
Descrição
Orientação: Cátia Margarida dos Santos Pereira de Oliveira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, SEXUALIDADE, COMPORTAMENTO SEXUAL, OXITOCINA, CICLO MENSTRUAL, PSYCHOLOGY, SEXUALITY, SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR, OXYTOCIN, MENSTRUAL CYCLE