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Item Construction and validation of a questionnaire on kinky and BDSM fantasies and activities in portuguese adults(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025-06-20) Vilhena, Inês; Martins, Margarida; Cardoso, Daniel; Duarte, Eva; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesSexual practices considered unconventional, including kinky and BDSM dynamics, are integrated within the diversity of human sexuality. However, studies often use ad hoc instruments and/or depend on the self-identification of participants, leading to inconsistent results. Therefore, the present work aimed to fill these gaps through the development and validation of the Kinky and BDSM Fantasies and Activities Inventory (Inventário de Fantasias e Atividades kinky e BDSM; IFAKBDSM). This instrument was developed based on the adaptation of two preexisting instruments and in response to discussions with psychologists and researchers experienced in this area, as well as individuals with kinky practices. Study 1 involved an Exploratory Factor Analysis with 260 Portuguese adults (18–72 years; M = 29), and Study 2 comprised a Confirmatory Factor Analysis with 515 Portuguese adults (18–79 years; M = 30). The preliminary factorial analysis identified four factors consistent with the literature: Domination and Sadism, Submission and Masochism, Voyeurism and Exhibitionism, and Fetishism. The second study confirmed this structure with satisfactory factor weights and fit indices and presented good internal consistency. The final version of the IFAKBDSM comprises two sections: the first one includes 28 items that assess seven dimensions organized into the four aforementioned factors; and the second section encompasses 38 items that focus on kinky practices. Globally, the instrument presented satisfactory psychometric results, proving to be a reliable tool for studying kinky and BDSM practices in Portuguese adults.Item But Some People Still Think That Men Cannot be Raped : A Qualitative Study on Portuguese Judges’ Perceptions Regarding Rape Perpetrated by Women Against Adult Men(Routledge, 2025-05-24) Carmo, Eunice; Cardoso, Daniel; Brazão, Nélio; Carvalho, Joana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesIntroduction: The perceptions of judges regarding sexual violence perpetrated by women against men (SVWM) have not been approached widely in previous empirical research. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to provide a preliminary understanding of the perceptions of Portuguese judges regarding SVWM. Method: Eight Portuguese judges (men and women) were interviewed in 2020. Data was analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Gender and alcohol had central roles in judges’ accounts, as non-consent, motivations, risk, the impact of violence, and sexual scripts were mostly discussed with these two factors in mind. Narratives oscillated between gender-neutral reflections and depictions of gender stereotypes and male rape myths. Challenges and opportunities of the Justice System were discussed considering the stigma associated with SVWM, while judges’ accounts were shaped by their lack of direct experience with such cases. Conclusions: Participants’ narratives reflected important contradictions between their adherence to some male rape myths and gender stereotypes and their endorsement of the ideal of a gender-neutral rape Law. Policy implications: The results of this study implicate that the impact of gender-based perceptions and rape myths on rape-related attrition rates and sentencing in SVWM cases should be further explored in empirical research. Additionally, public policy efforts should be invested in evidence-based professional training for judges focused on challenging gender stereotypes and male-rape myths.Item Beyond Equality – Nonmonogamy and the Necropolitics of Marriage(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-04-10) Cardoso, Daniel; Klesse, Christian; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New Technologies‘Marriage equality’ has been a widely used slogan and mobilizing concept for LGBTQ+ rights’ movements across the globe striving for formal recognition for ‘same-sex’ or ‘same-gender’ marriages. In this article, we critically interrogate the terminology and political rationality that have given shape to ‘marriage equality’ campaigns. We demonstrate the structural erasure of non-monogamous relations and populations from the changes hoped for and envisioned in these mobilizations. The lack of any genuine and substantial concern with Consensual Non-monogamies (CNMs) from most of the literature in the field highlights the close entanglement of marriage with monogamy. As a result, ideas are scarce about how meaningful and adequate legal recognition and social policy provisions for a wide range of intimate, sexual, familial, and/or caring bonds or constellations on the CNM continuum could look like. We argue that the critique of the mononormativity inherent to marriage is fundamental to understanding the role of this in the 21st century. We identify the roots of the mononormativity of marriage in its governmental role as a necropolitical and biopolitical technology, evidenced by its ‘civilizing’ function in white settler colonial projects. Because of this, an expansion of the call for equality to include non-monogamous populations does not resolve but rather aggravates the problem. We conclude that any truly queer politics of CNM consequently needs to be anti-marriage.Item UNDER FIRE : news coverage of the Russian side of the war in Ukraine as combat : The case of Bruno Amaral de Carvalho(Associacao Brasileira de Pesquisadores de Jornalismo, 2023-12-26) Loureiro, Luís Miguel; Pereira, Rui; Figueira, Alexandra; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesPartindo do caso do jornalista freelancer Bruno Amaral de Carvalho, identificamos e analisamos os dois tipos de combates em que se envolveu para garantir a cobertura da guerra da Ucrânia, para a CNN Portugal, a partir do lado russo, entre março e outubro de 2022. Além de se envolver na guerra de informação que, desde 2014, configurou dois campos metanarrativos relativamente à Ucrânia, o jornalista, o único a trabalhar desse lado da guerra para os média portugueses no período em análise, teve de combater as estratégias de degradação simbólica que lhe foram dirigidas por políticos e jornalistas, sob a forma de ataques ao caráter e à independência. O estudo recolhe os conteúdos produzidos por Bruno Amaral de Carvalho para a CNN Portugal, classificando-os de acordo com esses campos metanarrativos, e faz a decomposição e análise ao processo de degradação simbólica que obrigou o jornalista a esse duplo combate.Palavras-chave: Metanarrativas. Jornalismo. Propaganda. Guerra de informação. Degradação simbólica.Item Perspectives on the future of film education in Europe(2024-12-01) Damásio, Manuel José; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis paper explores potential avenues for the future development of film education in Europe, emphasizing how ongoing technological, social, and institutional transformations affect both the medium of film in itself but also the pedagogical approaches implemented within film schools. Acknowledging rapid advancements like virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and shifting audience behaviors, the paper argues for a paradigm shift toward educating through film, rather than merely about it. The authors present FilmEU – one of the new “European Universities” Alliance – as a model for the future development of film education, highlighting its interdisciplinary and trans-European approach to creative arts. Additionally, the “Samsara” pedagogical framework is introduced. This is a pedagogical framework designed to foster a holistic learning experience that balances technical training with a broader media literacy and critical thinking focus. The paper advocates for innovative, project-driven approaches that enable film schools to remain relevant and impactful in the cultural and creative industries in the midst of the profound ongoing transformations.Item Desafiar a monogamia : declaração de intenções(2025-02-22) Navarro, Pablo Pérez; Barbosa, Mônica; Núñez, Geni; Cardoso, Daniel; CICANT (FCT) - Centro de Investigação em Comunicação Aplicada, Cultura e Novas TecnologiasO dossiê que você tem em mãos surgiu de uma premissa um tanto peculiar: preferíamos não ter muito claro, de antemão, sobre o que iríamos tratar. Pode parecer uma aposta arriscada para um número "temático", mas a verdade é que contávamos apenas com um conjunto de inquietudes relacionadas ao imperativo cultural da monogamia que, bem vistas, não pareciam apontar sequer na mesma direção.Item Situating #MeToo : a comparative analysis of the movement in Catalonia and Portugal(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023) Roqueta-Fernàndez, Marta; CALDEIRA, ANA SOFIA PEREIRA; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesSince its re-emergence in 2017, the #MeToo movement has been adopted across the globe. #MeToo has a transnational dimension, transcending its initial US context and placing international issues alongside national concerns. This article aims to contextualize and situate #MeToo, providing a critical review of the movement in two local contexts – Catalonia (Spain) and Portugal. The analysis is grounded on empirical observations on social media, drawing as well on previous scholarship on the topic produced both internationally and in the contexts of study, and on the engagement with relevant national media sources. By focusing on national expressions of #MeToo in Portugal and Catalonia, this article explores how #MeToo took shape in (and was shaped by) the local contexts and existing feminist practices. It presents the different temporalities and dynamics of the movement in these two contexts, exploring the roles of both social media and traditional press in the local developments of #MeToo, and also briefly exploring the local legislative implications of the movement. This article thus presents #MeToo as common and easily recognisable frame used in local contexts to approach different issues of sexual and gendered violence, yet flexible enough to allow for national specificities.Item Framing empathy : examining audience responses to female-on-male sexual violence(Springer, 2025-02-17) Tselenti, Danai; Cardoso, Daniel; Carvalho, Joana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThe purpose of this secondary study was to investigate readers’ empathic framings in response to a female-on-male rape literary story, as articulated in online reviews on Goodreads. Drawing upon Nabi’s “emotions-as-frames” approach, we conducted a qualitative framing analysis by using a combination of deductive and inductive strategies. Two overarching empathy frames already present in the literature (bright, and dark empathy) served as interpretive anchors for categorizing empathic responses. Additionally, sentiment analysis was used to assess responses’ emotional valences. Qualitative findings yielded five main framings: (1) femalecentered empathy and (2) sadistic empathy (aligning with the dark empathy frame); (3) empathic distress and (4) empathic anger (demonstrating overlaps between the bright and dark empathy frame), and (5) compassion (characteristic of the bright empathy frame). Sentiment analysis results showed a notable presence of mixed sentiments. Our findings highlight how empathy operates across a spectrum, encompassing various combinations of self-oriented and other-oriented framings with diverse emotional valences (positive, negative and mixed). These nuanced responses shape distinct paths of feeling through, with/as, for, or even showing concern for the fictional male victims. They further point to the significance of “feeling rules” that socially distribute empathy and establish hierarchies of “deserving” and “nondeserving” recipients. Departing from previous research that approaches empathic reactions to rape themes within a unidimensional perspective, our findings point to the importance of addressing the interrelations between audience responses and multi-dimensional, multivalent emotional flows. We further discuss the implications of the “darker” sides of empathic engagement for sexual violence prevention and efforts to challenge male rape myths.Item Diversity in partner number sexuality via Sexual Configurations Theory(Springer New York, 2025-01-16) Mathi, Lydia Victoria Kula; Wilhelm, Bianca S.; De Barros, Ana Carolina; Cardoso, Daniel; Connolly, Sam; Van Anders, Greg; Van Anders, Sari M.; CICANT (FCT) - Centro de Investigação em Comunicação Aplicada, Cultura e Novas Tecnologias“Partner number sexuality” (P#S) refers to how many partners individuals have/are interested in having. Those with P#S outside of monogamous desires and/or practices commonly face stigma in North America and elsewhere. Yet theories of sexuality do not always make room for diverse P#S. One theory that does is sexual configurations theory (SCT), which visually models gender/sex and sexuality (van Anders, 2015). In this study, we investigated what insights SCT could provide into P#S, whether SCT was useful to those with minoritized P#S, and how those with minoritized P#S made use of SCT. To do so, we conducted online interviews, asking participants (N = 26) to complete two SCT diagrams and report on their experience. We used template analysis to analyze transcripts and compiled “SCT heatmaps,” aggregates of SCT diagrams. We constructed 11 major themes, including diverse understandings of eroticism and romantic/platonic relationships, the impacts of hermeneutical injustice (the injustice of knowledge systems) on participants’ abilities to conceptualize and discuss their P#S, and how SCT facilitated conversations about P#S. The heatmaps showed that participants made use of most of both SCT diagrams, showing branchedness in P#S between “eroticism” and “nurturance,” and between status, identity, and orientation. Our study highlights that the lived experience of partnering, especially of those with minoritized P#S, extends far beyond commonly understood categories, and that SCT is a useful tool that can accurately reflect diversity in P#S.Item Adaptive Non-Immersive VR Environment for Eliciting Fear of Cockroaches : a Physiology-Driven Approach Combined with 3D-TV Exposure(Universidad de San Buenaventura, 2020) Rosa, Pedro Joel; Luz, FIlipe Costa; Junior, Roberto; Oliveira, Jorge; Morais, Diogo; Gamito, Pedro; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human InteractionsNon-immersive VR environments are related to the least interactive application of VR techniques, such that interaction with the VR environment can occur commonly by 3D-TV without full immersion into the environment. This study presents how 3D-TV exposure combined with physiology recording can elicit fear of cockroaches among individuals with different levels of fear. Thirty-six participants, set apart into three fear groups (low vs. moderate vs. high), were exposed to VR environment with cockroaches for 4 minutes while recording and using cardiac activity as input to the VR environment. Results revealed significant effects on self-report measures and heart rate between different fear groups. Moreover, participants with higher levels of fear were more likely to trigger cockroaches into the scenario due to their cardiac acceleration. Overall results suggest that our physiology-driven VR environment is valid for fear elicitation while having potential use in therapeutic domain.Item ‘When you realise your dad is Cristiano Ronaldo’ : celebrity sharenting and children’s digital identities(Routledge, 2022) Jorge, Ana; Marôpo, Lidia; Neto, Filipa; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesSharenting, or the practice of sharing one’s parenting or information about one’s children on social media, occurs in an increasingly platformized digital culture, where visual formats are central across participatory and commercial repositories. This paper investigates the articulation between sharenting as performed by celebrities and the wider construction of children’s digital identities. Through qualitative content analysis, this research looks at how Cristiano Ronaldo, the most-followed individual on Instagram since 2018, his partner, and his mother shared information about his children on that social media platform between 2018 and 2020. Through manual exploration, we searched for Ronaldo’s children across a variety of digital spaces. Our analysis reveals that sharenting on Instagram engages audiences through the portrayal of children as the parents’ extended self. Content from Instagram and news media is appropriated in vernacular and commercial digital spaces for conflicting affects: the cute father-son dyad, and the son as extension of the uber-famous, vain father. This extreme case shows how the digital identities of children of celebrities are widely public, formed by the everyday, intimate content of the family’s life, which is persistent and collectively recreated by news media, vernacular culture, and commercial platforms. Keywords: Instagram; memes; football; affect; family; social mediaItem Mummy influencers and professional sharenting(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022-02) Jorge, Ana; Marôpo, Lidia; Coelho, Ana Margarida; Novello, Lia; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesSharenting (sharing parenting on social media) has become a widespread activity, and some of those parents become family influencers. Female influencers have been on the rise, partly as an alternative to the precariousness of the job market. This article presents a qualitative study on 11 Portuguese mummy and family influencers, analysing social media content observed throughout 2.5 years, as well as media discourses on them. It focuses on how these female content creators portray parenting and family, work–life balance as an influencer and their boundaries for privacy and intimacy. It demonstrates how prominent mummy influencers reproduce a neoliberal ethos which favours an individual management of reconciling motherhood and a career in the context of post-austerity and precarity, through an emotional discourse that promotes relatability with the audience, converted into an essentially consumerist agenda.Item Children’s cancer narratives on YouTube : Agency and entrepreneurship in Brazilian CarecaTV(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020) Marôpo, Lidia; Carvalho, Raiana de; Jorge, Ana Margarida Ferreira Rato; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis article looks at the social and cultural contexts of children’s experiences of illness, through a particular focus on the context of the Global South and the role of the social media platform YouTube in children’s culture. It takes a socio-constructivist approach to discuss the case of CarecaTV (BaldTV), a Brazilian YouTube channel with more than one million followers created by Lorena Reginato at the age of 12 when she was recovering from brain cancer. In CarecaTV, cancer subjectivity co-exists with and is expressed through digital commercialization. On the one hand, through this process, Lorena Reginato gains agency as she offers an inspirational and credible first-person testimony about cancer during childhood and becomes an emerging cancer activist. On the other, she uses entrepreneurship strategies associated with the digital influencer model of YouTube to promote herself as a (cancer) micro-celebrity, taking the lead in a youthful and playful culture.Item Belonging to a community : the mediation of belonging(OberCom, 2012) Damásio, Manuel José; Henriques, Sara; Costa, Conceição; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis paper introduces the concept of belonging and discusses it in the context of online social networking experience and community experience considering social capital and user’s activities as nuclear concepts to understand collective actions and social relationships mediated by social media. The paper presents an empirical approach based on the study of two local communities and analyses whether interactive social technologies promote greater social involvement and higher production of social capital and participation, that results in a greater sense of belonging within communities. The results indicate a positive relationship between the use of social media and the increase of social capital and sense of belonging. Our work discusses the role and influence of social media in communitarian practices and the relevance social capital theory has as an outcome of media technologies use that result in a greater sense of belonging to a community.Item Influenza : a board game design experiment on vaccination(SAGE Publications Inc., 2021-08) Neves, Pedro Pinto; Luz, Filipe Costa; Vital, Eva; Oliveira, Jorge; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction LabIntroduction.: Experts on vaccine hesitancy recommend tailoring interventions to local contexts, which presents an opportunity for game-based interventions to reflect local demographics and make them central to the experience of the game. Experimental game design is a research method that has already been used in educational games. Board games are relevant to the topic of vaccination, and present possibilities for game design of openness and flexibility. INFLUENZA was an experimental game design with the objectives of designing a vaccination-themed educational board game where: an aspect of local context was highly-relevant but also easily modifiable, means of emotional engagement were explored, and openness and flexibility in board game design were explored. Methods.: The experimental game design study consisted of finding design solutions for achieving the study objectives in a single game, by analyzing comparable games and using iteration and two stages of live testing with players. Results.: The game reflects national census data in a highly-relevant but also easily modifiable aspect of play (first objective). The game features aspects of personification to foster emotional engagement (second objective). The game is well-suited to changing the number of players, or allowing mediated play (third objective). Discussion.: INFLUENZA has achieved each of its study objectives from an experimental game design perspective. Relevant features of educational games are theme, mechanics, and their integration, and the design experimentation in INFLUENZA follows this trend. Future work is running comparative trials of features of INFLUENZA, as well as measuring the impact of different local adaptations of INFLUENZA.Item Combining the rational and relational perspectives of electronic trading(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2009) Redondo, Eduardo; Daniel, Elizabeth; Ward, John; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesMany organisations make extensive use of electronic linkages to facilitate their trading exchanges with partners such as suppliers, distributors and customers. This research explores how the use of inter-organisational systems (IOS) both affects, and is affected by, the relationships between trading partners. In doing this, it brings together two existing but distinct perspectives and literatures; the rational view informed by IOS research, and the behavioural or relationship perspective embodied in inter-organisational relationships (IOR) literature. The research was undertaken in the European paper industry by means of six dyadic case studies. The dyads studied covered both traditional electronic data interchange systems and newer e-marketplace environments. A framework was derived from existing literature that integrates the two perspectives of interest. The framework was used to analyse the case studies undertaken and enabled the inter-relationship between IOS use and IOR to be explained.Item Sexual fluidity, BDSM and gender : an exploratory study on Portuguese BDSM practitioners(Springer New York, 2023-10-25) Marujo, Catarina; Cardoso, Daniel; Oliveira, Alexandra; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesBDSM constitutes a stigmatized form of sexuality in which sexual fluidity may arise. Noting the scarcity of research on these themes in Portugal, we sought to explore and understand sexual fluidity in people who identified themselves as BDSM practitioners, both in the context of so-called ‘vanilla’ sex and BDSM practice. Using a qualitative methodology, we prepared an online questionnaire disseminated on platforms used by BDSM practitioners, having obtained 54 participants. The data were subjected to content analysis and simple statistical analysis. Three themes emerged from the analysis: the importance of gender in both forms of sexuality, the perception and knowledge about sexual fluidity, and the experience of sexual fluidity. It was found that BDSM practitioners are relatively sexually fluid and demonstrate various sexual behaviors discordant with their romantic and sexual attractions. In addition to this, there were multiple justifications regarding the importance of gender when it comes to their attractions. It was also found that men, regardless of sexual identity, are more sexually fluid than women. This study contributes to the knowledge about BDSM and the deconstruction of categories related to gender and sexual identity, and finally, to the normalization of non-normative sexual practices.Item e-Health and Health literacy : a revision of research methods(2012-12-12) Damásio, Manuel José; Mackert, Michael; CICANT (FCT) - Centro de Investigação em Comunicação Aplicada, Cultura e Novas TecnologiasE-health provides powerful tools to improve health, but users’ health literacy – their ability to obtain, process, and act appropriately on health information – plays a role in their ability to make the most of e-health applications. This project reviewed research focused on e-health and health literacy, coding 94 articles to provide an overview of the field including use of theory and research methods. Findings indicate a lack of theory and use of established health literacy measures.Item Exploring disparities between acoustic and digital sound(MIT Press, 2015) Sá, Adriana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesMapping digital sound to an acoustic input enables the performer and the software to ‘talk’ simultaneously. Whilst the performer has direct control over the acoustic outcome, the digital can become a means of destabilization - as it is mediated through code. Musical expression substantiates as the performer addresses the unexpected resourcefully. This text describes the performative dynamics in terms of perceptual mechanics. Keywords: acoustic instruments, digital instruments, perception, conscious awareness, chanceItem Diversidade relacional e olhares mediáticos : uma década de representações jornalísticas de não-monogamias consensuais em Portugal(2021) Cardoso, Daniel; CICANT (FCT) - Centro de Investigação em Comunicação Aplicada, Cultura e Novas TecnologiasO contexto dos Direitos Humanos e da cidadania íntima (PLUMMER, 1995) é frequentemente usado para explorar o poliamor (CARDOSO, 2017) e outras formas de relacionamentos alternativos à mono-normatividade (PIEPER; BAUER, 2005). O activismo em torno destes temas tende a seguir de perto a agenda política traçada em primeira instância pela comunidade LGBTQ+, sendo algumas das suas expressões mais visíveis as que se alinham com a conquista de direitos dentro do contexto das democracias liberais (AVIRAM, 2010; AVIRAM; LEACHMAN, 2015; SANTIAGO, 2015). Estudar a forma como as Não-Monogamias Consensuais (NMCs) são representadas na imprensa permite compreender a cobertura do tema, a linguagem usada, os actores sociais mobilizados, e que conceitos são passados para o público em geral. Este artigo apresenta os resultados da análise da cobertura noticiosa sobre NMCs em Portugal, na imprensa escrita, entre 2010 e 2020, através de análise de conteúdo a 238 artigos, e permite compreender que, apesar de o poliamor ter entrado de forma generalizada no vocabulário comum, a agenda mediática parece pouco sensibilizada para com as actividades e publicações de activistas sobre NMCs em Portugal, demonstrando uma limitada capacidade destes em impactar a agenda mediática e contribuindo para um foco individualizante e potencialmente despolitizado. Isto, por sua vez, dificulta a integração da diversidade de orientação relacional como um elemento plenipotenciário da organização de identidades e comunidades íntimas e seus sujeitos como detentores de direitos políticos válidos.